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Seismic Anisotropy in the Earth

V. Babuska & M. Cara

Springer

Release Date
2022-12-17

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Category
Earth Science

File Type
Book

Language
English

File Format
PDF

Year
1991

ISBN-10
0792313216

ISBN-13
9780792313212

Pages
224 pages

File Size
16.020 MB

Release Date
2022-12-17

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Book Summary

Structural geologists are well aware of the fact that isotropic rocks are quite exceptional in nature. Regardless of their origin, whether sedimentary, metamorphic, or magmatic, Seismic Anisotropy in the Earth exhibits a plane of mineral flattening known as “foliation” and a line of mineral elongation referred to as “lineation” in geological terminology. Just like a good quarryman, a trained structural geologist will detect preferred orientation in an apparently isotropic granite. Preferred mineral orientation and thus structural anisotropy are the rule in nature. Given the substantial fluctuations in the elastic coefficients of minerals composing rocks, it could be anticipated that seismic anisotropy would be significant, provided that domains with comparable structural features are sufficiently large to influence seismic waves.

This is the reason why,

during a 1982 conference held in Frankfurt—one of the initial gatherings focused on Seismic Anisotropy in the Earth—I posed a question to Don Anderson. I inquired why seismologists had not previously integrated the evident constraint of anisotropy into their models. I still remember Don’s answer: “Adolphe, we knew that our isotropic models were not very good but we had no other choice. It is simply that, so far, computers were not large enough to integrate the anisotropy parameter.”

Changing isotropic glasses for anisotropic ones permits us to obtain better and more realistic seismic models of the Earth’s interior, but, maybe more importantly, it has, for a seismologist, the far-reaching consequence of stepping into the field of geodynamics.

Since the measured seismic anisotropy has a structural origin, it brings information on large-scale structural features and can contribute to structural and geodynamic reconstructions. This is particularly clear in the upper mantle where seismic anisotropy reflects plastic flow either active or frozen, depending on whether seismic waves penetrate the asthenosphere or remain in the lithosphere. Hence, the Seismic Anisotropy in the Earth maps showcased in this volume, like those of the Pacific Ocean, allow for the conversion of these maps into present and historical mantle flow patterns beneath the ocean.